Visual Computation Object Recognition

Question: Discuss about the Visual Computation Object Recognition. Answer: Introduction: Recognizing words written on a paper, a plate, or a relative may look so easy. Our abilities of visual recognition lie within the computation magnitude; Object recognition is the ability to see an object and recognize its properties. This also includes the person understanding its use, how the object relates to other objects and the experience that one has had with the object. Many of the researchers have disagreed on what visual recognition is.One of the definitions in trying to understand what visual recognition is that object recognition is a persons ability to create an artificial system that performs similarly to our visual system. A neurological disability or disorder from a person to recognize objects that are familiar is known as visual agnosia. Most of the cases of this disorder are brought about by the by brain injuries that in most cases hinder the ability of sufficient amount of oxygen reaching important body organs and tissues or vascular accidents. Patients who have been diagnosed with visual agnosia have different impaired abilities. Some of the patients with this disorder are not able to recognize pictures of birds and trees despite the fact that they can recognize them through their senses other than vision. According to Farrah, 1990 some of the patients cannot recognize the faces of their family, friends or relatives. Additionally, these patients can also not draw pictures of familiar objects. The traditional view of this disorder as the inability to recognize objects have gone through a number of challenges in the past. There have been critics that contend that this disorder can be defined by an a lteration in functions that are in most times likely to be generalized by intellectual deterioration. The first person to classify this disorder into two categories was Lissauer. He classified it into a perceptive and associative mind blindness. These categories were brought out when the patients were asked to describe certain patterns, draw them, and point it out from similar objects. According to Lassaeur, a person who has apperceptive agnosia lacks the ability to copy, draw or match the object. A patient suffering from associative agnosia is the one who cannot store knowledge of the world of the objects but is able to draw copy and match even if he or she lacks the ability to identify it. This essay will discuss how visual agnosia can relate to visual object recognition Unfortunately, visual disorders such as agnosia have not been studied much. The theories that have been left to understand these phenomenons are vague or do not have enough information. The syndrome is however very rare and this poses a problem as only a small number is left available for studying. The recent explanation that has tried to explain visual agnosia is the group deficit account. This theory states that the patients that suffer from visual agnosia have a difficulty in the grouping process. According to Vecera Gilds, 1998 such a disorder would include lack of ones ability to organize parts of information to understand the full meaning of the information. Therefore, little data is available on the patients who suffer from agnosia of which hinders research in this area. Another theory is the peppery mask account theory. Patients that suffer from this disorder have a visual voice that obstructs air bubbles that circulate from the blood. Due to obstructions b the visions are usually scattered and they vary in severity and size and therefore the patient sees the world through a peppered mask. How visual agnosia relate to visual object recognition Patients that suffer from apperceptive agnosia pose a difficulty in naming and recognizing drawings (Benson, 2014). They have an impaired ability to copy, recognize and match shapes of objects. However, they have well-preserved ability to recognize brightness, color vision, and acuity. These individuals have normal visual fields and also have the ability to maintain visual fixation on a target. The limitation, however, is that they have the inability to process features and one cannot see the whole structure of the object. Though these patients can hardly recognize real objects, their vision is better than in recognizing line drawings. The identification of objects by these individuals is by piecing together, size, color, reflectance clues, and texture. They can make guesses that are accurate about an object especially its nature such as the color of an object, how shiny a glass is and a metal. The patients use time-consuming strategies in order to recognize visual objects. Patients that suffer from associative agnosia can come up with copies of an object that they may not recognize and can match the objects. People with this type of agnosia can identify an object using its shape. The mistake that this type of people makes is naming an object similar to another object that has the same shape. This patient can also copy drawings well. The drawings most the time are not normal; the product dram is just similar to the object. The perception in this disorder is intact but there is a lack of meaning. According to Milner and Goodale, there are two pathways for cortical visual in a human brain. Each has its different process. The mechanisms that underlie the ventral stream that projects to the infer temporal cortex from the primary visual cortex are involved in the visual perception. On the other hand, the dorsal stream that projects to the posterior parental cortex from the primary visual cortex is said to be involved in controlling the visual action. The two streams, therefore, work hand in hand in processing information about the orientation and location of the object. In contrast with this, visual information is usually transformed in the ventral stream in order to deliver the characteristics of the objects and how they relate. This, in turn, permits the formation of perceptual representation of how the world is.This representation play a vital role in identifying and recognizing objects and this enables us into classify events, objects and by so doing we attach meaning to them . This also helps one in accumulating information and knowledge about the world. Most of the cells that are found in the infer temporal cortex which is the terminus of central stream do respond well to visual stimuli that are complex such as the faces and the hands (Warrington, 2016). The most anterior parts of the infer temporal cortex are very selective on how they respond to object properties. The receptive field in each cell in the IT cortex can be seen as features that are common to images of different natural objects. The IT cortex also contains some neurons, which are responsible for demonstrating properties that are consistent with the constancy of the object. This ensures that the cells respond selectively to the visual stimulus despite changes in its viewpoint, color or size. The above is evident from no human primate studies. Large resections, which are bilateral of temporal lobe, may result to agnosia. Lesion in the IT can impair the ability of the primate to identify objects in terms of pattern, shape or color. The primates had a lot of difficulties in learning the association with objects or even distinguish objects based on their visual dimensions. These primates could not distinguish between foods and nonfoods and were seen picking the same objects repeatedly. In Conclusion, Visual agnosia is a rare disorder but also very easy for one to get once they sustain a brain damage or any of the causes mentioned above. Agnosia is a neuropsychological disorder. It is characterized by the inability to recognize familiar and common objects, people, or sounds, in absence of perceptual disability. Patients with visual agnosia are often not reliable as they can hardly identify nor recognize objects, faces or places. This is one disadvantage of having visual agnosia. Percepts normally undergo very many transformations thus recognition deficits tend to be variable. It is advised by physicians and health care workers to be very cautious of in case any of the mentioned symptoms begin to manifest themselves in ones life. People are also advised to seek awareness of the symptoms of visual agnosia so they are not caught unawares. Getting a regular check up at the health care centers in also necessary as this will help notice any manifested symptoms before its too late to treat agnosia. We should not let visual agnosia manifest in our lives unless it is irreversible like in the case of brain damage due to old age, which occurs at the age of sixty-six and above or cerebral accident like in the cases of stroke. Understanding and recognizing objects and faces is very important in ones life, therefore we need to take good care of our brains and be aware of visual agnosia disorder. Therefore, with patients exhibiting this condition, they should seek medical attention to try to reverse the condition. References Malik M, (2007). An Exploration of Conscious and Un-Conscious Vision. Oxford UK. University Press. P. 139. Ferah M (2004). Visual Agnosia 2nd Edition. Cambridge MA: MIT Press. Bradford Books. P. 192 Silverman J. (2015).The Superior Temporal Sulcus Brain and Language. Retrieved. Howard, Harry. (2005). 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